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<title>Tutorial: Redox reactions - CuCN Step-by-step</title>
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<h3>Reduction of <nobr>Cu(II)</nobr> to <nobr>Cu(I)</nobr> by cyanide</h3></a>
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<p><b>Step by step instructions:</b>
<b>1)</b> Start <a href="DB_0_Main.htm">DATABASE</a> and click on &#147;Cu&#148;
(copper) in the periodic table. Click on <nobr>&#147;Cu 2+&#148;</nobr>
in the list of available components. Click also on the
<nobr>&#147;e-&#148;</nobr> (electron) button. To add cyanide as
a component, click either on &#147;C&#148; or &#147;N&#148;
in the periodic table, and then on <nobr>&#147;CN-&#148;</nobr>
in the list of available components.
The list of <i>components selected</i> will now show <nobr>&#147;H+&#148;,</nobr>
<nobr>&#147;e-&#148;,</nobr> <nobr>&#147;Cu 2+&#148;</nobr>
and <nobr>&#147;CN-&#148;.</nobr> Click on the pull-down menu
<nobr>&#147;File&nbsp;/</nobr> Save and <nobr>Exit&#148;.</nobr>
Click on the SPANA button to save the data file and to make a diagram.
Enter a file name, for example <nobr>&#147;Cu-CN&#148;.</nobr></p>

<p><b>2)</b> The <a href="S_0_Main.htm">SPANA</a> main window will
appear. Click on the pull-down menu
<nobr>&#147;Run&nbsp;/</nobr> Make a <nobr>Diagram&#148;.</nobr>
A new window appears to select what type of diagram is wanted.
Change the diagram type to <nobr>&#147;Fraction&#148;.</nobr>
Change the component in the <i>X</i>-axis to <nobr>&#147;CN-&#148;.</nobr></p>

<p>On the <nobr>&#147;<U>C</u>oncentrations&#148;</nobr> frame click on the
<nobr>&#147;pH = 7&#148;</nobr> line, change &#147;pH&#148; for
&#147;Total conc.&#148;, change the value to <nobr>1e-4</nobr>
and press Enter. Then, on the same
concentrations frame, click on the <nobr>&#147;pe = 8.5&#148;</nobr>
line, enter a total concentration of zero for <nobr>e<sup>&#8722;</sup></nobr> and press
Enter. Similarly, change the total concentration of <nobr>&#147;Cu 2+&#148;</nobr>
to <nobr>0.01</nobr> <nobr>([Cu]<sub>T</sub></nobr> = 10 mM). Change also the
concentration interval for <nobr>CN<sup>&#8722;</sup></nobr> from zero to
<nobr>0.03</nobr> M.</p>

<p>Click on the Diagram button in the upper-left corner of the window.
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<img src="images/Make_diagr_Fr.gif" alt="Make diagram" title="Make diagram" height="69" width="64" border="0">

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The calculations will be done by a console program.
When the calculations are finished the diagram is displayed in a window.

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